Mapas, territorios y narrativas urbanas

María Esther Sánchez Martínez MARCELA DAVALOS LOPEZ Maria del Carmen Bernardez de la Granja JUAN ANTONIO LAVIADA Martín Sánchez Rodriguez Luis Carlos Colon Llamas Anthony Picón Rodríguez Jorge Ernesto Gómez Sánchez Rodrigo O. Tirado (2023, [Libro])

Los mapas nunca se han dibujado solos. Desde Cipango hasta Santafé, pasando por la ciudad de México, la de Michoacán o barrios inadvertidos como Xocotitla, siempre han existido unos ojos para describir o medir los territorios. Entre las varas, millas, cartas de navegación, croquis o fuentes cartográficas no sólo hallamos distancias, sino también abismos culturales. En este libro los planos participan de una historia contextual: revelan tanto el horizonte cultural de quienes los elaboraron como de sus usuarios. Se muestran paisajes narrados, vividos y representados: desde las notas de Marco Polo a las rutas de Cristóbal Colón, hasta los proyectos futuristas irrealizados en Bogotá, pasando por la presencia de las trazas renacentistas en las urbes prehispánicas, la división por cuarteles o por el reparto de tierras comunales indígenas, todo nos invita aquí a compartir una apasionante reflexión sobre cómo se construye el pasado desde el mundo visual de los planos.

Mapas, territorios, urbano, cartografía, planos, croquis. Mexico--Historical geography. Mexico--Maps. City planning--Mexico--History. City planning--Mexico--Mexico City--History. Cartography--Mexico--Mexico City--History. Cartography--Mexico--Michoacán de Ocampo--History. Cartography--Colombia--History. City planning--Colombia--Bogotá. Urbanismo Cartografía Mapas. Cartografía -- Historia. F2175 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS ARQUITECTURA URBANISMO CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO GEOGRAFÍA CARTOGRAFÍA GEOGRÁFICA

Value chain research and development: The quest for impact

Jason Donovan (2023, [Artículo])

Motivation: For decades, governments, donors, and practitioners have promoted market-based development approaches (MBDA), most recently in the form of value chain development (VCD), to spur economic growth and reduce poverty. Changes in approaches have been shaped by funders, practitioners and researchers in ways that are incompletely appreciated. Purpose: We address the following questions: (1) how have researchers and practitioners shaped discussions on MBDA?; and (2) how has research stimulated practice, and how has practice informed research? We hypothesize that stronger exchange between researchers and practitioners increases the relevance and impact of value chain research and development. Methods and approach: We adopt Downs' (1972) concept of issue-attention cycles, which posits that attention to a particular issue follows a pattern where, first, excitement builds over potential solutions; followed by disenchantment as the inherent complexity, trade-offs, and resources required to solve it become apparent; and consequently attention moves on to a new issue. We review the literature on MBDA to see how far this framing applies. Findings: We identify five cycles of approaches to market-based development over the last 40 or more years: (1) non-traditional agricultural exports; (2) small and medium enterprise development; (3) value chains with a globalization perspective; (4) value chains with an agri-business perspective; and (5) value chain development. The shaping and sequencing of these cycles reflect researchers' tendency to analyse and criticize MBDA, while providing limited guidance on workable improvements; practitioners' reluctance to engage in critical reflection on their programmes; and an institutional and funding environment that encourages new approaches. Policy implications: Future MBDA will benefit from stronger engagement between researchers, practitioners, and funders. Before shifting attention to new concepts and approaches, achievements and failures in previous cycles need to be scrutinized. Evidence-based practice should extend for the length of the issue-attention cycle; preferably it should arrest the cycling of attention. Funders can help by requiring grantees to critically reflect on past action, by providing “safe spaces” for sharing such reflections, and by engaging in joint learning with practitioners and researchers.

Agri-Food Value Chains Issue-Attention Cycles Market-Based Development Approaches CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA VALUE CHAINS PRIVATE SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDERS

Alternative cropping and feeding options to enhance sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farms in Bangladesh

Timothy Joseph Krupnik Jeroen Groot (2024, [Artículo])

We investigated alternative cropping and feeding options for large (>10 cows), medium (5–10 cows) and small (≤4 cows) mixed crop – livestock farm types, to enhance economic and environmental performance in Jhenaidha and Meherpur districts – locations with increasing dairy production – in south western Bangladesh. Following focus group discussions with farmers on constraints and opportunities, we collected baseline data from one representative farm from each farm size class per district (six in total) to parameterize the whole-farm model FarmDESIGN. The six modelled farms were subjected to Pareto-based multi-objective (differential evolution algorithm) optimization to generate alternative dairy farm and fodder configurations. The objectives were to maximize farm profit, soil organic matter balance, and feed self-reliance, in addition to minimizing feed costs and soil nitrogen losses as indicators of sustainability. The cropped areas of the six baseline farms ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 ha and milk production per cow was between 1,640 and 3,560 kg year−1. Feed self-reliance was low (17%–57%) and soil N losses were high (74–342 kg ha−1 year−1). Subsequent trade-off analysis showed that increasing profit and soil organic matter balance was associated with higher risks of N losses. However, we found opportunities to improve economic and environmental performance simultaneously. Feed self-reliance could be increased by intensifying cropping and substituting fallow periods with appropriate fodder crops. For the farm type with the largest opportunity space and room to manoeuvre, we identified four strategies. Three strategies could be economically and environmentally benign, showing different opportunities for farm development with locally available resources.

Ruminant Feed Pareto-Based Optimization Farm Bioeconomic Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMINANT FEEDING BIOECONOMIC MODELS MIXED CROPPING FARMS LIVESTOCK

Multi-locus genome wide association mapping for yield and its contributing traits in hexaploid wheat under different water regimes

Vijay Gahlaut Vandana Jaiswal Pushpendra Kumar Gupta (2019, [Artículo])

Genome-Wide Association Study Marker-Trait Associations CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENETIC LINKAGE GENETICS PROCEDURES QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI WHEAT CHROMOSOME MAPPING

Combination of linkage and association mapping with genomic prediction to infer QTL regions associated with gray leaf spot and northern corn leaf blight resistance in tropical maize

David Berger Yoseph Beyene Collins Juma Suresh L.M. Manje Gowda (2023, [Artículo])

Gray Leaf Spot Northern Corn Leaf Blight CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE LEAF SPOTS QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI ASSOCIATION MAPPING GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES

Use of remote sensing for linkage mapping and genomic prediction for common rust resistance in maize

Alexander Loladze Francelino Rodrigues Cesar Petroli Felix San Vicente Garcia Bruno Gerard Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez Jose Crossa Johannes Martini (2024, [Artículo])

Common Rust Rp1 Locus CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUSTS REMOTE SENSING VEGETATION INDEX MAIZE CHROMOSOME MAPPING

QTL cluster analysis and marker development for kernel traits based on DArT markers in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

CAIXIA LAN Ravi Singh (2023, [Artículo])

QTL mapping Kernel-Related Traits Putative Candidate Gene KASP Markers CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA KERNELS QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI MAPPING TRITICUM AESTIVUM SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM

Editorial: Genome wide association studies and genomic selection for crop improvement in the era of Big Data

Alison Bentley Charles Chen Nunzio D'Agostino (2022, [Artículo])

Allele Mining High-Throughput Phenotyping Genomic Estimated Breeding Value CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP IMPROVEMENT DNA CHROMOSOME MAPPING GENETIC LINKAGE GENOMES GENOTYPING GERMINATION HEAT STRESS QUALITY CONTROL SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM TRITICUM AESTIVUM GENETIC DIVERSITY (AS RESOURCE) HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING

Using microsatellite data to estimate the persistence of field-level yield gaps and their drivers in smallholder systems

Balwinder-Singh Meha Jain (2023, [Artículo])

One way to meet growing food demand is to increase yields in regions that have large yield gaps, including smallholder systems. To do this, it is important to quantify yield gaps, their persistence, and their drivers at large spatio-temporal scales. Here we use microsatellite data to map field-level yields from 2014 to 2018 in Bihar, India and use these data to assess the magnitude, persistence, and drivers of yield gaps at the landscape scale. We find that overall yield gaps are large (33% of mean yields), but only 17% of yields are persistent across time. We find that sowing date, plot area, and weather are the factors that most explain variation in yield gaps across our study region, with earlier sowing associated with significantly higher yield values. Simulations suggest that if all farmers were able to adopt ideal management strategies, including earlier sowing and more irrigation use, yield gaps could be closed by up to 42%. These results highlight the ability of micro-satellite data to understand yield gaps and their drivers, and can be used to help identify ways to increase production in smallholder systems across the globe.

Yield Drivers Yield Mapping CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MICROSATELLITES YIELD GAP SMALLHOLDERS FOOD PRODUCTION YIELD INCREASES

Identification and characterization of resistance loci to wheat leaf rust and stripe rust in Afghan landrace “KU3067”

CAIXIA LAN Ravi Singh JULIO HUERTA_ESPINO Zaifeng Li Evans Lagudah sridhar bhavani (2022, [Artículo])

Genetic Analysis Molecular Mapping Wheat Rusts APR Genes CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE LANDRACES WHEAT RUSTS