Variation in grain zinc and iron concentrations, grain yield and associated traits of biofortified bread wheat genotypes in Nepal

Vinod Mishra arun joshi Ravi Singh Govindan Velu (2022, [Artículo])

Biofortified Wheat HarvestPlus Grain Yield Grain Iron Concentration Grain Zinc Concentration CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOFORTIFICATION WHEAT GRAIN YIELDS ZINC IRON

Empleo del software RStudio para la validación analítica Pb en suelo urbano

Eliany Nicado ALBA YADIRA CORRAL AVITIA Laura Elena Santana Contreras Jonatan Torres-Pérez Miroslava Quiñonez Martínez Juan Pedro Flores-Margez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

La validación de los métodos analíticos es un requisito importante en la práctica del análisis químico, por lo que cada vez que se desea realizar un control de calidad de una medición, es necesario llevarlo a cabo. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo validar analíticamente la determinación de Pb en suelo urbano por espectrometría de absorción atómica en horno de grafito (GF-AAS por sus siglas en inglés), ya que en un futuro se desea medir el impacto que pueden causar las deposiciones atmosféricas en los suelos, debido a las emisiones de material particulado de las ladrilleras artesanales de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. En breve se obtuvo valores de alta calidad, ya que se usaron técnicas y análisis estadísticos más robustos y en menos tiempo que una validación convencional.

validación metal pesado suelo urbano BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

Genetic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strains that have been isolated in Mexico since 1998

CARLOS ABRAHAM GUERRERO RUIZ (2017, [Artículo])

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen that has been isolated worldwide from clinical cases, most of which have been associated with seafood consumption. Environmental and clinical toxigenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus that were isolated in Mexico from 1998 to 2012, including those from the only outbreak that has been reported in this country, were characterized genetically to assess the presence of the O3:K6 pandemic clone, and their genetic relationship to strains that are related to the pandemic clonal complex (CC3). Pathogenic tdh+ and tdh+/trh+ strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Also, the entire genome of a Mexican O3:K6 strain was sequenced. Most of the strains were tdh/ORF8-positive and corresponded to the O3:K6 serotype. By PFGE and MLST, there was very close genetic relationship between ORF8/O3:K6 strains, and very high genetic diversities from non-pandemic strains. The genetic relationship is very close among O3:K6 strains that were isolated in Mexico and sequences that were available for strains in the CC3, based on the PubMLST database. The whole-genome sequence of CICESE-170 strain had high similarity with that of the reference RIMD 2210633 strain, and harbored 7 pathogenicity islands, including the 4 that denote O3:K6 pandemic strains. These results indicate that pandemic strains that have been isolated in Mexico show very close genetic relationship among them and with those isolated worldwide. © 2017 Guerrero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, bacterial strain, biofouling, controlled study, Crassostrea, food intake, gene sequence, genetic analysis, genetic variability, Japan, Mexican, Mexico, molecular phylogeny, nonhuman, pandemic, pathogenicity island, sea food, serotyping, toxi BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA

Landscape and micronutrient fertilizer effect on agro-fortified wheat and teff grain nutrient concentration in western Amhara

Tilahun Amede Elizabeth Bailey Abdul Wahab Mossa Dereje Tirfessa MESFIN KEBEDE DESTA Getachew Agegnehu Tesfaye Shiferaw Sida Stephan Haefele R. Murray Lark Martin Broadley Samuel Gameda (2023, [Artículo])

Agronomic biofortification, encompassing the use of mineral and organic nutrient resources which improve micronutrient concentrations in staple crops is a potential strategy to promote the production of and access to micronutrient-dense foods at the farm level. However, the heterogeneity of smallholder farming landscapes presents challenges on implementing agronomic biofortification. Here, we test the effects of zinc (Zn)- and selenium (Se)-containing fertilizer on micronutrient concentrations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) grown under different landscape positions and with different micronutrient fertilizer application methods in the western Amhara region of Ethiopia. Field experiments were established in three landscape positions at three sites, with five treatments falling into three broad categories: (1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate; (2) micronutrient fertilizer application method; (3) sole or co-application of Zn and Se fertilizer. Treatments were replicated across five farms per landscape position and over two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019). Grain Zn concentration ranged from 26.6 to 36.4 mg kg−1 in wheat and 28.5–31.2 mg kg−1 in teff. Grain Se concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.59 mg kg−1 in wheat while larger concentrations of between 1.01 and 1.55 mg kg−1 were attained in teff. Larger concentrations of Zn and Se were consistently attained when a foliar fertilizer was applied. Application of ⅓ nitrogen (N) yielded significantly larger grain Se concentration in wheat compared to a recommended N application rate. A moderate landscape effect on grain Zn concentration was observed in wheat but not in teff. In contrast, strong evidence of a landscape effect was observed for wheat and teff grain Se concentration. There was no evidence for any interaction of the treatment contrasts with landscape position except in teff, where an interaction effect between landscape position and Se application was observed. Our findings indicate an effect of Zn, Se, N, landscape position, and its interaction effect with Se on grain micronutrient concentrations. Agronomic biofortification of wheat and teff with micronutrient fertilizers is influenced by landscape position, the micronutrient fertilizer application method and N fertilizer management. The complexity of smallholder environmental settings and different farmer socio-economic opportunities calls for the optimization of nutritional agronomy landscape trials. Targeted application of micronutrient fertilizers across a landscape gradient is therefore required in ongoing agronomic biofortification interventions, in addition to the micronutrient fertilizer application method and the N fertilizer management strategy.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOFORTIFICATION LANDSCAPE SELENIUM ZINC WHEAT

Obtención de materiales nanocompuestos semiconductorsemiconductor para producción de hidrógeno por fotocatálisis heterogénea

Obtaining semiconductor-semiconductor nanocomposite materials for hydrogen production by heterogeneous photocatalysis

Yilmair Rodríguez Santillán (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

La producción de hidrógeno mediante fotocatálisis heterogénea a través del fotorreformado de metanol ha surgido como una estrategia para abordar los desafíos energéticos y ambientales actuales. Este proceso combina la conversión de una mezcla metanol/agua, con la eficiencia de la fotocatálisis para generar hidrógeno limpio y renovable. Uno de los factores más importantes en el proceso de la fotocatálisis heterogénea, es la capacidad que presenta un semiconductor para absorber luz con energía dentro del rango del espectro visible. El g-C3N4 es uno de los materiales más estudiados recientemente para la producción de hidrógeno, ya que presenta una banda prohibida de 2.7 eV, aparte de una alta estabilidad química y térmica, así como un bajo costo de producción. Sin embargo, el g-C3N4 tiene limitaciones en su eficiencia debido a la rápida recombinación del par electrón/hueco (e- /h+), lo que reduce la tasa de producción de H2. Para superar esta limitación se suelen hacer modificaciones por medio de dopantes o formando uniones con otros semiconductores, como las que se hicieron en este trabajo. El nanocompuesto que se utilizó para la producción de H2 mediante el fotorreformado de metanol es el Pt/MnCo2S4/B-g-C3N4 que consiste en una estructura formada por nitruro de carbono grafítico dopado con boro (B-g-C3N4), sulfuro de manganeso-cobalto (MnCo2S4) y platino (Pt). El B-g-C3N4 actúa como el fotocatalizador clave en la reacción de producción de H2 ya que cuenta con una estructura de banda electrónica adecuada que le permite absorber luz solar y generar pares (e-/h+) para activar la reacción. El MnCo2S4 se empleó para favorecer la separación y migración de los portadores de carga. El papel del Pt fue el de acelerar la reacción de reducción para la formación de la molécula de H2. La serie de fotocatalizadores de Pt/MnCo2S4/B-g-C3N4 que fueron sintetizados, demostraron una alta estabilidad y actividad fotocatalítica en la producción de hidrógeno a partir del fotorreformado de metanol/agua, tanto en condiciones con luz UV como en condiciones con luz visible, permitiendo alcanzar una producción de 947.9 μmol g-1 h-1 y 716.4 μmol g-1 h- respectivamente.

Hydrogen production through heterogeneous photocatalysis via methanol photoreforming has emerged as a strategy to address current energy and environmental challenges. This process combines the conversion of a methanol/water mixture with the efficiency of photocatalyst to generate clean and renewable hydrogen. One of the most crucial factors in the heterogeneous photocatalysis process is the semiconductor's ability to absorb light within the visible spectrum energy range. Recently, g-C3N4 has been extensively studied for hydrogen production due to its 2.7 eV bandgap, high chemical and thermal stability, and low production cost. However, g-C3N4 has limitations in its efficiency due to the rapid recombination of electron/hole pairs (e-/h+), which reduces the H2 production rate. To overcome this limitation, modifications are often made through dopants or forming junctions with other semiconductors, as is done in this study. The nanocomposite used for hydrogen production via methanol photoreforming is Pt/MnCo2S4/B-g-C3N4, which consists of a structure composed of borondoped graphitic carbon nitride (B-g-C3N4), manganese-cobalt sulfide (MnCo2S4) and platinum (Pt). B-gC3N4 acts as the critical photocatalyst in the H2 production reaction. It possesses an appropriate electronic band structure that absorbs solar light and generates electron-hole pairs (e-/h+) to activate the reaction. MnCo2S4 was used to promote the separation and migration of charge carriers. The role of Pt is to accelerate the reduction reaction to form H2 molecules. The series of synthesized Pt/MnCo2S4/B-g-C3N4 photocatalysts demonstrated high stability and photocatalytic activity in hydrogen production via methanol/water photoreforming, both under UV and visible light conditions, achieving a production rate of 947.9 μmol g-1 h-1 and 716.4 μmol g-1 h-1, respectively.

hidrógeno, fotocatálisis, fotorreformado, metanol, nanocompuesto hydrogen, photocatalyst, photoreforming, methanol, nanocomposite INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE MATERIALES PROPIEDADES DE LOS MATERIALES PROPIEDADES DE LOS MATERIALES

Síntesis de materiales laminares pilareados con óxidos variables para degradación de contaminantes en fase líquida

Synthesis of pillared laminar materials with variable oxides for degradation of contaminants in liquid phase

Carlos Alfonso Sierra García (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

La fotocatálisis heterogénea es esencial para la degradación exitosa de contaminantes orgánicos en medios líquidos. Este proceso de oxidación avanzada se ha convertido en uno de los más interesantes para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, que contienen compuestos orgánicos nocivos para el medio ambiente, como los colorantes. En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad fotocatalítica de zeolita MCM-22 pilareada con SiO2/TiO2 (también conocida como MCM-36) para la degradación de azul ácido 113, un colorante diazoico utilizado frecuentemente en la industria textil. Las zeolitas MCM-22 se sintetizaron mediante el método hidrotermal, sujetas al proceso de pilareado de SiO2/TiO2 en diferentes relaciones molares modificado con la asistencia de isopropanol junto a una impregnación húmeda de MnO2 (1 y 2%). Se confirmaron las estructuras mesoporosas de las zeolitas mediante los análisis de difracción de rayos X y fisisorción de N2. Los resultados de espectroscopía UV-Vis de reflectancia difusa indicaron la presencia de especies de óxidos de Ti y Mn. En microscopía electrónica de barrido las muestras se observaron de manera panorámica las muestras, mientras que en microscopia electrónica de transmisión se observó la dispersión de las nanopartículas de TiO2, donde se logró ver la distancia interplanar de estas identificando el plano (100) característico de la fase anatasa, así como la estructura laminar y mesoporosa de la MCM-22. Las cantidades de Ti y Mn introducidas a las muestras se obtuvieron mediante el análisis ICP-OES (espectrometría de emisión óptica de plasma de acoplamiento inductivo). Los resultados de degradación fotocatalítica mostraron que el fotocatalizador más activo fue MCM-36 0:1 consiguiendo un 79.64%, seguido del MCM-36 1:10 (42.70%), 1:5 (34.83%) y 1:3 (25.99%). Se observó que la actividad del TiO2 puede ser inhibida por la adición de MnO2, que envenena el catalizador, posiblemente dando lugar a la formación de una heterounión entre el TiO2 y MnO2, formando centros que aceleran la fotorecombinación.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is essential for the successful degradation of organic contaminants in liquid media. This advanced oxidation process has become one of the most interesting for the treatment of wastewater containing organic compounds harmful to the environment, such as dyes. In this work, the photocatalytic activity of zeolite MCM-22 pillared with SiO2/TiO2 (also known as MCM36) was evaluated for the degradation of acid blue 113, a diazo dye frequently used in the textile industry. MCM-22 zeolites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, using the SiO2/TiO2 pillaring process in different molar ratios, modified with the assistance of isopropanol together with a wet impregnation of MnO2 (1 and 2 %). The mesoporous structures of the zeolites were confirmed by Xray diffraction and N2 physisorption analyses. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy results indicated the presence of Ti and Mn oxide species. With scanning electron microscopy, the samples were observed panoramically, while with transmission electron microscopy the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles was observed, where it was possible to see their interplanar distance, identifying the (100) plane, characteristic of the anatase phase, as well as the lamellar and mesoporous structure of MCM-22. The amounts of Ti and Mn introduced to the samples were obtained by ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) analysis. The photocatalytic degradation results showed that the most active photocatalyst was MCM-36 0:1 achieving 79.64%, followed by MCM-36 1:10 (42.70%), 1:5 (34.83%) and 1:3 (25.99%). It was observed that the activity of TiO2 can be inhibited by the addition of MnO2, which poisons the catalyst, leading to the formation of a heterojunction between TiO2 and MnO2, forming centers that accelerate photorecombination.

MCM-22, zeolita, fotocatálisis, TiO2, azul ácido 113 MCM-22, zeolite, photocatalysis, TiO2, acid blue 113 INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

El mercurio y su uso histórico en México

Taryn Symon DANIELA ALEJANDRA MURILLO CISNEROS TANIA ZENTENO SAVIN (2022, [Artículo])

"El uso antropogénico del mercurio (Hg) para diversas funciones, incluso como pigmento y como remedios medicinales, se remonta a la antigüedad. Históricamente, las minas de Hg en la “Nueva España” (actualmente México) fueron explotadas en los actuales estados de Guerrero, Durango, Chihuahua, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes y Querétaro. La invención del “proceso de patio” para el aislamiento de metales como el oro y la plata a través de la formación de amalgamas con Hg en la Nueva España proporcionó un método altamente rentable, de nivel industrial."

Ecotoxicología, metales pesados, Una Salud MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS MÉDICAS TOXICOLOGÍA OTRAS OTRAS

Farmers’ perspectives as determinants for adoption of conservation agriculture practices in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Ajay Kumar Mishra ML JAT (2022, [Artículo])

Understanding the farmer's perspective has traditionally been critical to influencing the adoption and out-scaling of CA-based climate-resilient practices. The objective of this study was to investigate the biophysical, socio-economic, and technical constraints in the adoption of CA by farmers in the Western- and Eastern-IGP, i.e., Karnal, Haryana, and Samastipur, Bihar, respectively. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 50 households practicing CA in Western- and Eastern-IGP. Smallholder farmers (<2 ha of landholding) in Karnal are 10% and Samastipur 66%. About 46% and 8% of households test soil periodically in Karnal and Samastipur, respectively. Results of PCA suggest economic profitability and soil health as core components from the farmer's motivational perspective in Karnal and Samastipur, respectively. Promotion and scaling up of CA technologies should be targeted per site-specific requirements, emphasizing biophysical resource availability, socio-economic constraints, and future impacts of such technology.

Smallholder Farmers Agents of Change Technology Diffusion Climate-Smart Practices CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL STRUCTURE IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE

Preparation and characterization of strongly sulfonated acid block and random copolymer membranes for acetic acid esterification with 2-Propanol

Verónica Rosiles González Ronan Le Lagadec ARELLY PAULINA VARGUEZ CATZIM María Isabel de los Dolores Loría Bastarrachea Abigail Gonzalez Diaz EMANUEL HERNANDEZ NUÑEZ Manuel de Jesús Aguilar Vega MARIA ORTENCIA GONZALEZ DIAZ (2022, [Artículo])

In this paper, we report the synthesis of block and random copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), with different AMPS feed ratios. These solution-processable copolymers with strongly sulfonated acid groups resulted in membranes with tunable ion exchange (IEC) and water absorption capacities. AFM images confirmed the microphase separation of PAMPS-b-PMMA-1:1 block copolymer membrane, annealed under the appropriate conditions. The resulting copolymers from the random combination of a 1:1 molar ratio of AMPS and MMA monomers are effective at enhancing the esterification conversion of acetic acid, when compared with a reaction catalyzed by PAMPS-b-PMMA block copolymers and the previously studied catalytic membranes. With the PAMPS-co-PMMA-1:1 membrane, the esterification reaction using acetic acid achieved 85% isopropyl acetate. These results are closely correlated with the increase in IEC (2.63 mmol H+ g−1 ) and the relationship between weight loss (20.3%) and swelling degree (68%) in 2-propanol. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

BLOCK COPOLYMERS RANDOM COPOLYMERS CATALYTIC MEMBRANES ESTERIFICATION ISOPROPYL ACETATE INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE MATERIALES PROPIEDADES DE LOS MATERIALES PROPIEDADES DE LOS MATERIALES

Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat

Chandan Roy Govindan Velu (2022, [Artículo])

Genome-Wide Association Study New Breeding Techniques Genomic Selection CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOFORTIFICATION MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION MALNUTRITION BREEDING QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI MAPPING SPEED BREEDING ZINC IRON WHEAT