CIMMYT seed systems interventions

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lessons to Bangladesh

AbduRahman Issa (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED SYSTEMS VALUE CHAINS POLICIES HYBRIDS MAIZE WHEAT

Impact of manures and fertilizers on yield and soil properties in a rice-wheat cropping system

Alison Laing Akbar Hossain (2023, [Artículo])

The use of chemical fertilizers under a rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) has led to the emergence of micronutrient deficiency and decreased crop productivity. Thus, the experiment was conducted with the aim that the use of organic amendments would sustain productivity and improve the soil nutrient status under RWCS. A three-year experiment was conducted with different organic manures i.e. no manure (M0), farmyard manure@15 t ha-1 (M1), poultry manure@6 t ha-1(M2), press mud@15 t ha-1(M3), rice straw compost@6 t ha-1(M4) along with different levels of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) i.e. 0% (F1), 75% (F2 and 100% (F3 in a split-plot design with three replications and plot size of 6 m x 1.2 m. Laboratory-based analysis of different soil as well as plant parameters was done using standard methodologies. The use of manures considerably improved the crop yield, macronutrients viz. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients such as zinc, iron, manganese and copper, uptake in both the crops because of nutrient release from decomposed organic matter. Additionally, the increase in fertilizer dose increased these parameters. The system productivity was maximum recorded under F3M1 (13,052 kg ha-1) and results were statistically identical with F3M2 and F3M3. The significant upsurge of macro and micro-nutrients in soil and its correlation with yield outcomes was also observed through the combined use of manures as well as fertilizers. This study concluded that the use of 100% RDF integrated with organic manures, particularly farmyard manure would be a beneficial resource for increased crop yield, soil nutrient status and system productivity in RWCS in different regions of India.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ORGANIC FERTILIZERS YIELDS SOIL PROPERTIES RICE WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS

QTL mapping for pre-harvest sprouting in a recombinant inbred line population of elite wheat varieties Zhongmai 578 and Jimai 22

Ming Li Shuanghe Cao xianchun xia Zhonghu He Yong Zhang (2023, [Artículo])

KASP Markers CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA PREHARVEST SPROUTING GERMINATION INDEX QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI WHEAT

Antioxidant potential profile of portuguese wheat (Bread and durum) germplasm

Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira (2023, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ANTIOXIDANTS WHEAT SEED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FERULIC ACID

Near-real-time welfare and livelihood impacts of an active war: Evidence from Ethiopia

Kibrom  Abay Guush Berhane Jordan Chamberlin Mehari Hiluf Abay (2023, [Artículo])

Ethiopia recently experienced a large-scale war that lasted for more than two years. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) data, which span several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides evidence on the immediate impacts of the conflict on households’ food security. We also assess potential mechanisms and evaluate impacts on proximate outcomes, including on livelihood activities and access to food markets. We use difference-in-differences and two-way fixed effects estimation to compare trends across affected and unaffected regions (households) and before and after the outbreak of the war. Seven months into the conflict, we find that the war was associated with a 37 percentage points increase in the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity. Using the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), we show that exposure to an additional battle leads to a 1 percentage point increase in the probability of moderate or severe food insecurity. The conflict was associated with significant reduction in access to food through supply chain disruptions and by curtailing non-farm livelihood activities. Non-farm and wage related activities were affected the most, whereas farming activities were relatively more resilient. Our estimates, which likely underestimate the true average effects on the population, constitute novel evidence on the near-real-time impacts of large-scale conflict. Our work highlights the potential of HFPS to monitor active and large-scale conflicts, especially in contexts where conventional data sources are not immediately available.

Phone Surveys CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WAR CONFLICTS FOOD SECURITY LIVELIHOODS

LA NIÑEZ WIXARIKA FRENTE AL ESTADO. Escuela, albergues y comunidad. El caso de San Sebastián Teponahuastlán

KEVIN ESCALANTE CARBAJAL (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

“El objetivo de esta investigación es cuestionar la forma en que los niños y niñas Wixaritari reciben la educación por parte del estado mexicano. Debido a las características de la vida social y cultural del pueblo Wixarika los menores de varias rancherías se ven obligados a trasladarse de lunes a viernes a los albergues escolares –llamados Casa de la Niñez Indígena- para poder asistir a la escuela. ¿Por qué debe suceder así? Parto de la exposición de la concepción local de niñez, la cual es diferente al concepto de niñez occidental, para dar cuenta de que el modelo de intervención de los albergues escolares y el de la educación intercultural del Estado no toma en cuenta las características sociales y culturales de la comunidad. Por ende, se trata de una vieja y conocida formula aplicada durante las primeras etapas del indigenismo en México para aculturizar o hacer mestizo al indígena, y así integrarlo a la vida nacional. Se puede decir, que se trata de un aparato biopolítico estatal que no ha cambiado mucho, por lo que los discursos de la interculturalidad siguen quedándose en discursos y simulaciones. Por otro lado, esta tesis reflexiona y analiza la tensión que hay sobre la niñez Wixaritari al estar esta, en una situación en la que por un lado tiene un papel –ayudar a la economía doméstica, adquirir y reproducir conocimientos culturales- dentro de su grupo social y como sujetos de atención de programas de política pública. Parece ser que la niñez está en una constante disputa entre su comunidad y los fines que persigue el estado”.

Wixarika - San Sebastián Teponahuastlán, Jalisco. Educación - Wixarika - San Sebastián Teponahuastlán, Jalisco. Niños y niñas - Wixarika - Identidad cultural - San Sebastián Teponahuastlán, Jalisco. Niños y niñas - Wixarika - Vida social y costumbres - San Sebastián Teponahuastlán, Jalisco. Tesis - Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales, Occidente. HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA PEDAGOGÍA TEORÍA Y MÉTODOS EDUCATIVOS MÉTODOS PEDAGÓGICOS MÉTODOS PEDAGÓGICOS

Trends in intimate partner, school, and work violence against women in Chihuahua, 2003-2021

Rogelio Rodriguez Nemesio Castillo (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article presents a description and analysis of the trends of violence against women in Chihuahua between 2003 and 2021, employing data from the National Survey of the Dynamics of Household Relationships (Endireh by its acronym in Spanish) for the years 2003, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021. The areas chosen for this analysis were intimate partner, school, and workplace. Certain increases and reductions of the problem were observed over time in these areas. Based on the results, recommendations are made for future studies on the topic and public policies to address violence against women.

Violence Women Trends Chihuahua ENDIREH Violencia Mujeres Tendencias CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Stripe rust and leaf rust resistance in CIMMYT wheat line “Mucuy” is conferred by combinations of race-specific and adult-plant resistance loci

Ravi Singh Mandeep Randhawa sridhar bhavani UTTAM KUMAR JULIO HUERTA_ESPINO Evans Lagudah CAIXIA LAN (2022, [Artículo])

Co-Located Resistance Loci Puccinia triticina CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUSTS PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE WHEAT

Landscape and micronutrient fertilizer effect on agro-fortified wheat and teff grain nutrient concentration in western Amhara

Tilahun Amede Elizabeth Bailey Abdul Wahab Mossa Dereje Tirfessa MESFIN KEBEDE DESTA Getachew Agegnehu Tesfaye Shiferaw Sida Stephan Haefele R. Murray Lark Martin Broadley Samuel Gameda (2023, [Artículo])

Agronomic biofortification, encompassing the use of mineral and organic nutrient resources which improve micronutrient concentrations in staple crops is a potential strategy to promote the production of and access to micronutrient-dense foods at the farm level. However, the heterogeneity of smallholder farming landscapes presents challenges on implementing agronomic biofortification. Here, we test the effects of zinc (Zn)- and selenium (Se)-containing fertilizer on micronutrient concentrations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) grown under different landscape positions and with different micronutrient fertilizer application methods in the western Amhara region of Ethiopia. Field experiments were established in three landscape positions at three sites, with five treatments falling into three broad categories: (1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate; (2) micronutrient fertilizer application method; (3) sole or co-application of Zn and Se fertilizer. Treatments were replicated across five farms per landscape position and over two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019). Grain Zn concentration ranged from 26.6 to 36.4 mg kg−1 in wheat and 28.5–31.2 mg kg−1 in teff. Grain Se concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.59 mg kg−1 in wheat while larger concentrations of between 1.01 and 1.55 mg kg−1 were attained in teff. Larger concentrations of Zn and Se were consistently attained when a foliar fertilizer was applied. Application of ⅓ nitrogen (N) yielded significantly larger grain Se concentration in wheat compared to a recommended N application rate. A moderate landscape effect on grain Zn concentration was observed in wheat but not in teff. In contrast, strong evidence of a landscape effect was observed for wheat and teff grain Se concentration. There was no evidence for any interaction of the treatment contrasts with landscape position except in teff, where an interaction effect between landscape position and Se application was observed. Our findings indicate an effect of Zn, Se, N, landscape position, and its interaction effect with Se on grain micronutrient concentrations. Agronomic biofortification of wheat and teff with micronutrient fertilizers is influenced by landscape position, the micronutrient fertilizer application method and N fertilizer management. The complexity of smallholder environmental settings and different farmer socio-economic opportunities calls for the optimization of nutritional agronomy landscape trials. Targeted application of micronutrient fertilizers across a landscape gradient is therefore required in ongoing agronomic biofortification interventions, in addition to the micronutrient fertilizer application method and the N fertilizer management strategy.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOFORTIFICATION LANDSCAPE SELENIUM ZINC WHEAT

New genomic regions identified for resistance to spot blotch and terminal heat stress in an interspecific population of triticum aestivum and T. spelta

Sudhir Navathe Ramesh Chand Mir Asif Iquebal Govindan Velu arun joshi (2022, [Artículo])

Resistance Terminal Heat CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA HEAT STRESS WHEAT RESISTANCE VARIETIES