Application of spheroidal agglomerates of γ-Al2O3 in the fluoride removal from aqueous medium

Aplicación de aglomerados esferoidales de γ-Al2O3 en la remoción de fluoruro de medio acuoso

RAFAEL ROMERO TOLEDO VICTOR RUIZ SANTOYO ULISES ZURITA LUNA GUSTAVO RANGEL PORRAS MERCED MARTINEZ ROSALES (2019, [Artículo])

En el presente estudio se investigó un adsorbente aglomerado esferoidal de γ-Al2O3 obtenido a partir de pseudoboehmita para la eliminación eficaz de fluoruro de un medio acuoso. Las propiedades superficiales se caracterizaron por diversas técnicas: XRD, fisisorción de N2, FE-SEM/EDS, RMN 27Al, adsorción de piridina por FT-IR, PZy tamaño de partícula. Se llevaron a cabo experimentos en lotes y se compararon con una alúmina activada comercial (AA). El proceso se llevó a cabo a pH 5, 7 y 9, a 25 y 35 ºC. Los resultados experimentales indicaron que los aglomerados esferoidales de γ-Al2O3 eliminan hasta 15 mg/g, con una capacidad de adsorción mayor que AA de 13 mg/g, a pH 5, estudiados a 25 y 35 ºC. El proceso de adsorción de F-en γ-Al2O3 y AA siguió la cinética de pseudo-primer orden y la isoterma de Langmuir. Los resultados muestran un adsorbente eficaz para la eliminación de F-.

A spheroidal agglomerate γ-Al2O3 adsorbent obtained from pseudoboehmite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous medium was investigated in the present study. The surface properties were characterized by several techniques: XRD, physisorption of N2, FE-SEM/EDS, 27Al NMR, FT-IR Pyridine adsorption, PZ and particle size. Batch experiments were conducted and they were compared with a commercial activated alumina (AA). The process was carried out at pH 5, 7, and 9, then at 25 and 35 ºC. Batch experimental results indicated that the spheroidal agglomerates of γ-Al2O3 remove up to 15 mg/g with a higher adsorption capacity than AA of 13 mg/g, at pH 5, studied at 25 and 35 °C. The F−adsorption processes in γ-Al2O3 and AA followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. The results showed an adsorbent effective for removal of F−.

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA Fluoride γ-Al2O3 Spheroidal agglomerates Adsorbent Water Fluoruro γ-Al2O3 Aglomerados esferoidales Adsorbentes Agua

Necessity as a driver in bending agricultural gender norms in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia

Pragya Timsina Emma Karki Brendan Brown (2023, [Artículo])

The majority of the farmers in the rural Global South continue to depend directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Despite the fact that women account for almost half of the world's farmers, they face gender-specific challenges such as deeply rooted cultural and social norms that limit their access to land, assets, financial markets, agricultural training, and information. Using semi-structured interviews with farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains, this study investigates how necessity is becoming one of the major drivers in the bending of agricultural gender norms. The study investigates the connections between feminist political ecology and agricultural technology production frameworks in order to comprehend the implications of technology adoption and influences on gender norms in communities. Women's participation in agriculture was found to be heavily influenced by social and cultural barriers, and they were frequently subjected to social criticism for breaking the systemic gender norms. This paper emphasizes on the growing pattern of bending gender norms with recommendations for increasing women's participation and scope in future agriculture development initiatives through policies and interventions that emphasize gender equity.

Social Barriers Cultural Barriers Feminist Political Ecology CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER NORMS WOMEN FARMERS AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY

Advancing the science and practice of ecological nutrient management for smallholder farmers

Sieglinde Snapp (2022, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGROECOLOGY DEGRADATION NUTRIENT CYCLES NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY SOIL ORGANIC MATTER SMALLHOLDERS

Spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall and temperature variability and trends for climate resilient maize farming system in major agroecology zones of northwest Ethiopia

Kindie Tesfaye Dereje Ademe Enyew Adgo (2023, [Artículo])

Spatiotemporal studies of the annual and seasonal climate variability and trend on an agroecological spatial scale for establishing a climate-resilient maize farming system have not yet been conducted in Ethiopia. The study was carried out in three major agroecological zones in northwest Ethiopia using climate data from 1987 to 2018. The coefficient of variation (CV), precipitation concertation index (PCI), and rainfall anomaly index (RAI) were used to analyze the variability of rainfall. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were also applied to estimate trends and slopes of changes in rainfall and temperature. High-significance warming trends in the maximum and minimum temperatures were shown in the highland and lowland agroecology zones, respectively. Rainfall has also demonstrated a maximum declining trend throughout the keremt season in the highland agroecology zone. However, rainfall distribution has become more unpredictable in the Bega and Belg seasons. Climate-resilient maize agronomic activities have been determined by analyzing the onset and cessation dates and the length of the growth period (LGP). The rainy season begins between May 8 and June 3 and finishes between October 26 and November 16. The length of the growth period (LGP) during the rainy season ranges from 94 to 229 days.

Climate Trends Spatiotemporal Analysis Agroecology Zone CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGROECOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE VARIABILITY MAIZE

Influence of conservation agriculture-based production systems on bacterial diversity and soil quality in rice-wheat-greengram cropping system in eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Anup Das virender kumar Peter Craufurd Andrew Mcdonald Sonam Sherpa (2023, [Artículo])

Introduction: Conservation agriculture (CA) is gaining attention in the South Asia as an environmentally benign and sustainable food production system. The knowledge of the soil bacterial community composition along with other soil properties is essential for evaluating the CA-based management practices for achieving the soil environment sustainability and climate resilience in the rice-wheat-greengram system. The long-term effects of CA-based tillage-cum-crop establishment (TCE) methods on earthworm population, soil parameters as well as microbial diversity have not been well studied. Methods: Seven treatments (or scenarios) were laid down with the various tillage (wet, dry, or zero-tillage), establishment method (direct-or drill-seeding or transplantation) and residue management practices (mixed with the soil or kept on the soil surface). The soil samples were collected after 7 years of experimentation and analyzed for the soil quality and bacterial diversity to examine the effect of tillage-cum-crop establishment methods. Results and Discussion: Earthworm population (3.6 times), soil organic carbon (11.94%), macro (NPK) (14.50–23.57%) and micronutrients (Mn, and Cu) (13.25 and 29.57%) contents were appreciably higher under CA-based TCE methods than tillage-intensive farming practices. Significantly higher number of OTUs (1,192 ± 50) and Chao1 (1415.65 ± 14.34) values were observed in partial CA-based production system (p ≤ 0.05). Forty-two (42) bacterial phyla were identified across the scenarios, and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most dominant in all the scenarios. The CA-based scenarios harbor a high abundance of Proteobacteria (2–13%), whereas the conventional tillage-based scenarios were dominated by the bacterial phyla Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi and found statistically differed among the scenarios (p ≤ 0.05). Composition of the major phyla, i.e., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were associated differently with either CA or farmers-based tillage management practices. Overall, the present study indicates the importance of CA-based tillage-cum-crop establishment methods in shaping the bacterial diversity, earthworms population, soil organic carbon, and plant nutrient availability, which are crucial for sustainable agricultural production and resilience in agro-ecosystem.

Metagenomics Bacterial Diversity Rice-Wheat-Greengram CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE DNA SEQUENCES EARTHWORMS METAGENOMICS SOIL QUALITY AGROECOSYSTEMS

Carbon credits from agriculture: Works underway in India

A G ADEETH CARIAPPA (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CARBON AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PARTNERSHIPS

Manual de construcción de chinampas

JOSE LUIS MARTINEZ RUIZ (2004, [Libro])

De origen prehispánico, la chinampa es una tecnología agrohidrológica sustentable desarrollada en las zonas lacustres y palustres de Mesoamérica. Es un sistema artificial de tierras de cultivo que se construye en humedal y se caracteriza por de explotación agrícola intensiva en equilibrio con el ecosistema que lo soporta. Se presenta el resultado de la documentación de un proyecto desarrollado por el IMTA y un grupo de chinamperos pertenecientes a San Gregorio Atlapulco, Xochimilco, Ciudad de México.

Agricultura Producción agrícola Uso eficiente del agua Chinampas CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Metodología para estimar el uso eficiente del agua en actividades agrícolas

Flor Cruz JAZMIN HERNANDEZ GEN (2015, [Libro])

Tabla de contenido: 1. Determinación de los criterios económicos del uso eficiente del agua en la agricultura y su aplicación en la subcuenca río Lerma 4 (Salamanca) -- 2. La escasez del agua y la competencia por el recurso. La aplicación de la metodología en el caso de la agricultura -- 3. El análisis de la demanda de agua para uso agrícola -- Conclusiones.

El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en determinar, dado un volumen de agua existente para los usos público urbano y medioambiental, cuál es la asignación eficiente del uso del agua en la Subcuenca del Río Lerma 4 (Salamanca) para la agricultura.

1. Determinación de los criterios económicos del uso eficiente del agua en la agricultura y su aplicación en la subcuenca río Lerma 4 (Salamanca) -- 2. La escasez del agua y la competencia por el recurso. La aplicación de la metodología en el caso de la agricultura -- 3. El análisis de la demanda de agua para uso agrícola -- Conclusiones.

Riego Zonas agrícolas Uso eficiente del agua Río Lerma CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Indicadores técnicos para la conversión productiva de agricultura de temporal a riego

MARIA DOLORES OLVERA SALGADO OSCAR ALPUCHE GARCÉS Mario Alberto Montiel Gutiérrez (2013, [Artículo])

La construcción de una presa hidroeléctrica en la costa de Oaxaca, México, puede propiciar cambios en la cantidad de agua disponible para riego, por lo tanto se requiere determinar la orientación productiva de la zona con factibilidad de riego para asegurar el volumen de agua superficial necesario para los cultivos actuales y futuros en la zona de influencia. Se realiza a partir de modelos de finca agrícola y la aplicación del método comparativo con indicadores generados por el interés y experiencia productiva del agricultor local, la cobertura de sus necesidades básicas, la orientación de la política pública y la sustentabilidad de recursos, elementos importantes en la toma de decisiones.

Producción agrícola Modelo de finca Riego Disponibilidad de agua INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Smallholder maize yield estimation using satellite data and machine learning in Ethiopia

Zhe Guo Jordan Chamberlin Liangzhi You (2023, [Artículo])

The lack of timely, high-resolution data on agricultural production is a major challenge in developing countries where such information can guide the allocation of scarce resources for food security, agricultural investment, and other objectives. While much research has suggested that remote sensing can potentially help address these gaps, few studies have indicated the immediate potential for large-scale estimations over both time and space. In this study we described a machine learning approach to estimate smallholder maize yield in Ethiopia, using well-measured and broadly distributed ground truth data and freely available spatiotemporal covariates from remote sensing. A neural networks model outperformed other algorithms in our study. Importantly, our work indicates that a model developed and calibrated on a previous year's data could be used to reasonably estimate maize yield in the subsequent year. Our study suggests the feasibility of developing national programs for the routine generation of broad-scale and high-resolution estimates of smallholder maize yield, including seasonal forecasts, on the basis of machine learning algorithms, well-measured ground control data, and currently existing time series satellite data.

Sentinel-2 Smallholder Agriculture Yield Prediction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA INTENSIFICATION SMALLHOLDERS AGRICULTURE YIELD FORECASTING