Spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall and temperature variability and trends for climate resilient maize farming system in major agroecology zones of northwest Ethiopia

Kindie Tesfaye Dereje Ademe Enyew Adgo (2023, [Artículo])

Spatiotemporal studies of the annual and seasonal climate variability and trend on an agroecological spatial scale for establishing a climate-resilient maize farming system have not yet been conducted in Ethiopia. The study was carried out in three major agroecological zones in northwest Ethiopia using climate data from 1987 to 2018. The coefficient of variation (CV), precipitation concertation index (PCI), and rainfall anomaly index (RAI) were used to analyze the variability of rainfall. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were also applied to estimate trends and slopes of changes in rainfall and temperature. High-significance warming trends in the maximum and minimum temperatures were shown in the highland and lowland agroecology zones, respectively. Rainfall has also demonstrated a maximum declining trend throughout the keremt season in the highland agroecology zone. However, rainfall distribution has become more unpredictable in the Bega and Belg seasons. Climate-resilient maize agronomic activities have been determined by analyzing the onset and cessation dates and the length of the growth period (LGP). The rainy season begins between May 8 and June 3 and finishes between October 26 and November 16. The length of the growth period (LGP) during the rainy season ranges from 94 to 229 days.

Climate Trends Spatiotemporal Analysis Agroecology Zone CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGROECOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE VARIABILITY MAIZE

Análisis de las inundaciones en la planicie tabasqueña en el periodo 1995-2010

Felipe Arreguin RAMON DOMINGUEZ MORA Faustino de Luna Cruz (2014, [Artículo])

Se analizan los factores que influyen en las inundaciones de la planicie tabasqueña, como la ausencia de ordenamiento

territorial adecuado, la deforestación de la parte alta de las cuencas, un falso concepto de disminución del régimen hidrológico asociado con la construcción de las grandes presas en el río Grijalva y el cambio climático. Para el periodo

1995-2010 se hace una revisión de las precipitaciones, escurrimientos, manejo de las presas de la cuenca del río Grijalva e inundaciones; se presentan las acciones que se han tomado para reducir los riesgos de inundación a la población durante ese periodo, incluyendo el Programa Integral de Control de Inundaciones y el Programa Hídrico Integral de Tabasco, señalando la diferencia conceptual entre ellos. El objeto del presente artículo es describir la evolución de las aproximaciones de solución al problema de reducción de desastres por inundación en la planicie Tabasqueña, la gestión de embalses y una propuesta de gestión del territorio basado en la aplicación de un modelo numérico hidráulico bidimensional y un nomograma de resistencia al vuelco.

Inundaciones Control de crecidas Mitigación del riesgo Grijalva-Usumacinta CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Diagnóstico de las condiciones atmosféricas asociadas al arribo de sargazo a costas de Quintana Roo

José Antonio Salinas Prieto María Eugenia Maya Magaña (2019, [Documento de trabajo])

El arribo del sargazo en forma masiva genera impactos ambientales, sociales y económicos adversos. Se sabe poco de su origen y trayectoria, así como de las condiciones atmosféricas y oceánicas bajo las cuales arriba a costas de Quintana Roo. En este trabajo se presenta un diagnóstico de la variabilidad estacional, anual e interanual de las circulaciones atmosféricas en el Atlántico y Caribe identificando las condiciones atmosféricas bajo las cuales arriba de sargazo a costas de Quintana Roo. Se analizaron 30 años de datos de viento superficial de CFRS (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis) de NCAR sobre el Atlántico y Caribe, dividiendo la zona en seis áreas, para cada una se estimó su variabilidad estacional, anual e interanual, así como sus valores extremos del período 1989 a 2018, enfocándose el estudio tanto al mar Caribe como a la costa Atlántica de Brasil.

Algas Sargazo Climatología Diagnóstico CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

CCAFS Outcome Synthesis Report:

Mathieu Ouédraogo John Recha Maren Radeny Paresh Shirsath Peter Läderach Osana Bonilla-Findji (2021, [Documento de trabajo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE INVESTMENT FARMING SYSTEMS CLIMATE CHANGE

Drought risk management in Mexico: progress and challenges

David Ortega Gaucin Mario Lopez Perez Felipe Ignacio Arreguín Cortés (2016, [Artículo])

Drought is one of the most complex natural phenomena, which affects the most people in the world. In Mexico, drought has been a recurrent and persistent problem throughout its history. In recent years, drought has affected large agricultural areas and rural communities, leading to severe imbalances in the regional and national economies, as occurred during the 2011–2012 drought, the most severe of the last 70 years. Therefore, in this paper an analysis of the measures that have recently been implemented to cope with drought in Mexico, which highlights the beginning of the transition from a reactive approach based on the crisis management towards a proactive approach aimed to risk management, with the implementation of the National Program Against Drought (PRONACOSE, for its acronym in Spanish) launched in 2013 is presented. So, in this paper, the components of this program are presented, along with a brief description of the Programs of Preventive and Mitigation Drought Measures (PMPMS, for its acronym in Spanish), which have been formulated as an integral part of PRONACOSE for each of the 26 basin councils in the country. Similarly, some of the main future challenges in drought manage¬ment and research needs identified during the formulation of the PMPMS are exposed. We concluded that there is no way to avoid a drought but there are ways to mitigate its impacts and reduce losses of those affected by the phenomenon. Drought risk can’t be completely eliminated, but preventive actions implemented in the future will be useful to mitigate its effects.

Sequías Prevención de desastres Gestión del riesgo Vulnerabilidad CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Hot Extremes and Climatological Drought Indicators in the Transitional Semiarid-Subtropical Region of Sinaloa, Northwest Mexico

OMAR LLANES CARDENAS OSCAR GERARDO GUTIERREZ RUACHO Iván Hernández Romano ENRIQUE TROYO DIEGUEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"The main goal of this study was to explore the historical and recent spatial concurrence between the frequency (F), duration (D) and intensity (I) of hot extremes (HEs) and the frequency and evolution of meteorological drought in the region of Sinaloa. Based on the values of daily maximum temperatura (Tmax) and precipitation obtained from CLImate COMputing for the interval April–October of a historical period (1963–2000) and a recent period (1982–2014), the HE and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) were calculated on one-month (SPI-1) and four-month (SPI-4) timescales. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (Sr) were used to obtain the significant concurrences (SCs) between HEs and SPI-1, and HEs and SPI-4. El Quelite weather station showed the highest historical SCs between HEs and SPI-1 (−0.66≤Sr≤−0.57). Jaina is the only station that showed SCs with all four indicators of HEs and SPI-4 (−0.47≤Sr≤−0.34). In this study, the concurrence between HEs and SPI-1, and HEs and SPI-4 was determined for the first time. These are phenomena that can decrease the crop yield, particularly for rainfed crops such as maize, sesame and sorghum in the region commonly known as “the breadbasket of Mexico."

frequency and evolution of meteorological droughts, the breadbasket of Mexico, Sinaloa CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO CLIMATOLOGÍA CLIMATOLOGÍA REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGÍA REGIONAL

Las inundaciones en un marco de incertidumbre climática

Felipe Arreguin Mario Lopez Perez (2016, [Artículo])

Se presentan los eventos naturales que causaron pérdidas en el planeta en el año 2015, obtenidos por el Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft. Es de destacar el incremento de los eventos hidrológicos en dos veces y media de 1980 a 2012. Varios factores inciden sobre el incremento de las inundaciones, de entre ellos destacan la ausencia de ordenamiento territorial y los efectos del cambio climático sobre el ciclo hidrológico. Se comentan los tipos de daños que provoca una inundación y la complejidad de calcularlos. En el caso de México, se presenta un mapa de las zonas con riesgo de inundación; los costos que estos fenómenos han ocasionado de 2000 a 2014, según el Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres; el mapa de riesgo municipal por lluvias y ciclones tropicales en México, de acuerdo con los escenarios presentados por el Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático en 2012, y algunas reflexiones sobre la atención a estos problemas, proponiendo que se establezcan programas de control de inundaciones basados en la teoría de gestión integrada de crecidas; reducir la incertidumbre existente en materia de información hidrometeorológica, pluviográfica, de seguimiento hidrológico en ríos, y sobre todo de proyecciones climáticas; apoyar estos programas con recursos humanos altamente calificados, y revisar el funcionamiento de vertedores de presas con riesgo hidrológico.

Cambio climático Prevención y mitigación Inundaciones INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

La cuenca del río Usumacinta desde la perspectiva del cambio climático

DENISE SOARES ANTONINO GARCIA GARCIA (2017, [Libro])

Esta obra, desde la perspectiva del cambio climático, es una contribución para comprender este fenómeno con una mirada multidisciplinaria, es decir, ciencias naturales y exactas y ciencias sociales. Los trabajos que integran el libro abordan geográficamente la cuenca Usumacinta del lado mexicano. La primera parte, aborda el tema desde la perspectiva hidroclimática; la segunda, desde la agrícola y ambiental; y la tercera, desde la social.

Cuencas Cambio climático Río Usumacinta CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Mining alleles for tar spot complex resistance from CIMMYT's maize Germplasm Bank

Martha Willcox Juan Burgueño Daniel Jeffers Zakaria Kehel Rosemary Shrestha Kelly Swarts Edward Buckler Sarah Hearne Charles Chen (2022, [Artículo])

Maize Landraces Maize Genetic Resources Allelic Diversity Rare Alleles Phenotypic Characterization Tropical Maize Phyllachora maydis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE LANDRACES GENETIC RESOURCES ALLELES FOLIAR DISEASES CLIMATE CHANGE

Automated in-season rice crop mapping using Sentinel time-series data and Google Earth Engine: A case study in climate-risk prone Bangladesh

Mustafa Kamal Timothy Joseph Krupnik (2024, [Artículo])

High-resolution mapping of rice fields is crucial for understanding and managing rice cultivation in countries like Bangladesh, particularly in the face of climate change. Rice is a vital crop, cultivated in small scale farms that contributes significantly to the economy and food security in Bangladesh. Accurate mapping can facilitate improved rice production, the development of sustainable agricultural management policies, and formulation of strategies for adapting to climatic risks. To address the need for timely and accurate rice mapping, we developed a framework specifically designed for the diverse environmental conditions in Bangladesh. We utilized Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time-series data to identify transplantation and peak seasons and employed the multi-Otsu automatic thresholding approach to map rice during the peak season (April–May). We also compared the performance of a random forest (RF) classifier with the multi-Otsu approach using two different data combinations: D1, which utilizes data from the transplantation and peak seasons (D1 RF) and D2, which utilizes data from the transplantation to the harvest seasons (D2 RF). Our results demonstrated that the multi-Otsu approach achieved an overall classification accuracy (OCA) ranging from 61.18% to 94.43% across all crop zones. The D2 RF showed the highest mean OCA (92.15%) among the fourteen crop zones, followed by D1 RF (89.47%) and multi-Otsu (85.27%). Although the multi-Otsu approach had relatively lower OCA, it proved effective in accurately mapping rice areas prior to harvest, eliminating the need for training samples that can be challenging to obtain during the growing season. In-season rice area maps generated through this framework are crucial for timely decision-making regarding adaptive management in response to climatic stresses and forecasting area-wide productivity. The scalability of our framework across space and time makes it particularly suitable for addressing field data scarcity challenges in countries like Bangladesh and offers the potential for future operationalization.

Synthetic Aperture Radar Random Forest Boro Rice In-Season Maps CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SAR (RADAR) RICE FLOODING CLIMATE CHANGE