Genetic variation of zinc and iron concentration in normal, provitamin A and quality protein maize under stress and non-stress conditions

Nakai Matongera THOKOZILE NDHLELA Angeline van Biljon Casper Nyaradzai Kamutando Jill Cairns Frédéric Baudron Maryke Labuschagne (2023, [Artículo])

Micronutrient Variability Trait Correlations CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE ZINC IRON BIOFORTIFICATION TRACE ELEMENTS CORRELATION

Maize seed aid and seed systems development: Opportunities for synergies in Uganda

Jason Donovan Rachel Voss Pieter Rutsaert (2024, [Artículo])

In the name of food security, governments and NGOs purchase large volumes of maize seed in non-relief situations to provide at reduced or no cost to producers. At the same time, efforts to build formal maize seed systems have been frustrated by slow turnover rates – the dominance of older seed products in the market over newer, higher performing ones. Under certain conditions, governments and NGO seed aid purchases can support formal seed systems development in three ways: i) support increased producer awareness of new products, ii) support local private seed industry development, and iii) advance equity goals by targeting aid to the most vulnerable of producers who lack the capacity to purchase seeds. This study explores the objectives and activities of seed aid programmes in Uganda and their interactions with the maize seed sector. We draw insights from interviews with representatives of seed companies, NGOs and government agencies, as well as focus group discussions with producers. The findings indicated that seed aid programme objectives are largely disconnected from broader seed systems development goals. There is little evidence of public-private collaboration in design of these programmes. Better designed programs have the potential to align with varietal turnover objectives, commercial sector development and targeting of underserved markets could promote equity and ‘crowd in’ demand.

Seed Business Varietal Turnover Seed Aid CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED SEED SYSTEMS SOCIAL INCLUSION MAIZE

Exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of wheat landrace population conserved at ICARDA genebank

Muhammad Massub Tehseen Fatma Aykut Tonk Ahmed Amri Carolina Sansaloni Ezgi Kurtulus Muhammad Salman Mubarik Kumarse Nazari (2022, [Artículo])

Wheat Landraces Genetic Diversity SNP Markers Analysis of Molecular Variance AMOVA CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BREEDING DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS GENETIC VARIATION GENETIC DISTANCE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT GENETIC MARKERS HEXAPLOIDY LANDRACES POPULATION STRUCTURE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM TRITICUM AESTIVUM WHEAT

Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) of maize varieties resistant to maize lethal necrosis for Mid Altutides of Rwanda

Claver Ngaboyisonga Suresh L.M. (2022, [Artículo])

Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction Area Under Disease Progress Curve Maize Lethal Necrosis Variety x Environment Interaction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE CHLOROTIC MOTTLE VIRUS RESISTANCE VARIETIES INOCULATION DISEASE MANAGEMENT SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS

Complex traits and candidate genes: estimation of genetic variance components across multiple genetic architectures

GIOVANNY COVARRUBIAS-PAZARAN Hans-Peter Piepho (2023, [Artículo])

Average Semivariance Linear Mixed Model Variance Component Estimation Polygenic Inheritance Oligogenic Inheritance Mendelian Inheritance CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MENDELISM GENETIC VARIANCE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES PHENOTYPES CHROMOSOME MAPPING

Development of a next generation SNP genotyping array for wheat

Simon Griffiths Susanne Dreisigacker Alison Bentley Gina Brown-Guedira (2023, [Artículo])

Axiom Array High Throughput Genotyping Hexaploid Wheat Copy Number Variation Analysis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS WHEAT GENOTYPING GENETIC DIVERSITY (AS RESOURCE)

Genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Striga hermonthica resistance in pearl millet

Hussein Shimelis Chris Ojiewo Abhishek Rathore (2023, [Artículo])

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is a nutrient-dense, relatively drought-tolerant cereal crop cultivated in dry regions worldwide. The crop is under-researched, and its grain yield is low (< 0.8 tons ha−1) and stagnant in the major production regions, including Burkina Faso. The low productivity of pearl millet is mainly attributable to a lack of improved varieties, Striga hermonthica [Sh] infestation, downy mildew infection, and recurrent heat and drought stress. Developing high-yielding and Striga-resistant pearl millet varieties that satisfy the farmers’ and market needs requires the identification of yield-promoting genes linked to economic traits to facilitate marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding. The objective of this study was to undertake genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Sh resistance among 150 pearl millet genotypes to identify genetic markers for marker-assisted breeding and trait introgression. The pearl millet genotypes were phenotyped in Sh hotspot fields and screen house conditions. Twenty-nine million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) initially generated from 345 pearl millet genotypes were filtered, and 256 K SNPs were selected and used in the present study. Phenotypic data were collected on days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, thousand-grain weight, grain weight, number of emerged Striga and area under the Striga number progress curve (ASNPC). Agronomic and Sh parameters were subjected to combined analysis of variance, while genome-wide association analysis was performed on phenotypic and SNPs data. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected among the assessed pearl millet genotypes for Sh parameters and agronomic traits. Further, there were significant genotype by Sh interaction for the number of Sh and ASNPC. Twenty-eight SNPs were significantly associated with a low number of emerged Sh located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Four SNPs were associated with days-to-50%-flowering on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7, while five were associated with panicle length on chromosomes 2, 3, and 4. Seven SNPs were linked to thousand-grain weight on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6. The putative SNP markers associated with a low number of emerged Sh and agronomic traits in the assessed genotypes are valuable genomic resources for accelerated breeding and variety deployment of pearl millet with Sh resistance and farmer- and market-preferred agronomic traits.

High-Yielding Varieties Striga-Resistant Agronomic Parameters CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES STRIGA HERMONTHICA PEARL MILLET

Variación espacio-temporal de la evapotranspiración de referencia a partir de métodos empíricos en Chihuahua, México

Spatio-temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration from empirical methods in Chihuahua, Mexico

RONALD ERNESTO ONTIVEROS CAPURATA OSIAS RUIZ ALVAREZ JOSE ANTONIO QUEVEDO TIZNADO (2021, [Artículo])

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.inagbi.2021.02.035

La evapotranspiración es clave en la gestión de zonas agrícolas áridas. En Chihuahua, México, el volumen de agua de riego se asigna a partir de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) calculada con métodos empíricos y extrapolada a la superficie agrícola, lo que es inexacto. La alternativa es calcular la variabilidad de la ETo mediante interpolación espacial. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la variabilidad espacio-temporal de ETo a partir de métodos empíricos e interpolación espacial en Chihuahua. Para ello, se utilizaron registros de 33 estaciones meteorológicas del periodo 1960-2013 y siete métodos de estimación de la ETo. Los resultados se compararon con el método Penman-Monteith, modificado por la FAO (PMMF), mediante un análisis ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05), y se elaboraron superficies homogéneas de la ETo a partir de los valores puntuales mediante interpolación espacial. Los resultados mostraron que el método Hargreaves (R2 = 0.91, CME = 1.16 y EM = -0.69 mm·día-1) presentó un menor sesgo respecto a PMMF. Los valores de ETo oscilaron de 2.5 a 7.1 mm·día-1 en dirección oeste-este, con valores máximos en zonas bajas y mínimos en altas, lo que mostró la influencia de la sierra madre occidental en la ETo. Dicha característica resaltó en los meses cálidos (junio a septiembre). A pesar de que el uso de datos estimados requiere validación en campo, se concluye que el método Hargreaves permite estimar la variabilidad espacio-temporal de la ETo en grandes extensiones y zonas con información meteorológica limitada.

Evapotranspiración Riego Cálculo de variaciones Zona árida CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Multi-modal deep learning improves grain yield prediction in wheat breeding by fusing genomics and phenomics

Xu Wang Sandesh Kumar Shrestha Philomin Juliana Suchismita Mondal Francisco Pinto Govindan Velu Leonardo Abdiel Crespo Herrera JULIO HUERTA_ESPINO Ravi Singh Jesse Poland (2023, [Artículo])

New Crop Varieties Plant Breeding Programs Yield Prediction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA LEARNING GRAIN YIELDS WHEAT BREEDING FOOD SECURITY

INFLUENCIA DE CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES SOBRE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN, ABUNDANCIA Y DESARROLLO DE LARVAS DE Totoaba macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890), EN EL ALTO GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA

Marcelo Vidal Curiel Bernal (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

"La presente tesis aborda una investigación sobre la biología, ecología y crecimiento de la Totoaba macdonaldi en el alto golfo de California. La totoaba, una especie endémica a esta región se encuentra actualmente en peligro de extinción debido a una serie de amenazas como: cambios en su ecosistema reproductivo y de crianza, pesca, incidental de juveniles e ilegal de adultos. Aunque en los últimos 30 años la población dio signos de recuperación, existen indicios de que tanto la población adulta como las abundancias de larvas presentan una tendencia decreciente. Lo que resalta la importancia de estudiar cómo la variabilidad ambiental incide en la distribución y abundancia de larvas de totoaba y subsecuentemente en el stock recluta de la especie. El estudio comienza con un análisis de la variabilidad del crecimiento individual en etapas juveniles y adultas de la totoaba. Para este propósito, se utiliza la varianza observada como elemento clave para parametrizar modelos de crecimiento individual. Los resultados indican que este enfoque proporciona estimaciones sólidas de los parámetros de crecimiento. A continuación, se investiga el crecimiento de las larvas de totoaba en condiciones de cultivo. Los datos revelan que un modelo sigmoideo describe mejor el crecimiento y se identifican dos puntos de inflexión en el crecimiento de las larvas. Estos hallazgos tienen importantes implicaciones para la cría y el cultivo de la totoaba para efectos de repoblación. Por último, se analiza la ecología y el transporte de las larvas de totoaba en el alto golfo de California. Se identifica una ventana óptima para el desove de la totoaba en términos de temperatura y concentración de clorofila, y se sugiere que las condiciones ambientales y la distribución de los adultos pueden influir en las abundancias de larvas en diferentes años. Además, se destaca la importancia del frente permanente al sur del alto golfo de California como una posible zona de acumulación de larvas como factor que contribuye al endemismo en la región. En conjunto, esta tesis representa un enfoque multidisciplinario para comprender los aspectos clave de la biología, ecología y crecimiento de la totoaba en el alto golfo de California. Los resultados proporcionan información valiosa para la conservación de esta especie amenazada y destacan la importancia de un enfoque integral en la gestión de los recursos marinos en esta región única."

"The following thesis addresses a research on the biology, ecology, and growth of Totoaba macdonaldi in the upper gulf of California. The totoaba, a fish species endemic to this region, is currently endangered due to a series of threats such as: changes in its reproductive and breeding ecosystem, juvenile bycatch, and illegal fishing. Although over the last 30 years, the population has shown signs of recovery, there are indications that both the adult population and larval abundances are on a declining trend. This underscores the importance of studying how environmental variability affects the distribution and abundance of totoaba larvae and subsequently the recruitment stock of the species. The study begins with an analysis of growth in juvenile and adult stages of the totoaba. For this purpose, observed variance is used to parameterize individual growth models. Results indicate that this approach provides robust estimates of growth parameters. Next, the growth of cultivated totoaba larvae is investigated. The data reveal that a sigmoid model better describes the growth in the early life stages of the totoaba, and two inflection points in larval growth are identified. These findings have important implications for the breeding and cultivation of the totoaba for restocking purposes. Finally, the ecology and transport of totoaba larvae in the upper gulf of California are analyzed. An optimal window for totoaba spawning in terms of temperature and chlorophyll concentration is identified, and it is suggested that environmental conditions and the distribution of adults may influence larval abundances in different years. Additionally, the importance of the permanent front to the south of the upper gulf of California is highlighted as a possible larval accumulation zone and a contributing factor to endemism in the region. Overall, this thesis represents a multidisciplinary approach to understanding key aspects of the biology, ecology, and growth of the totoaba in the upper gulf of California. The results provide valuable information for the conservation of this threatened species and underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach in the management of marine resources in this unique region."

Variabilidad ambiental, crecimiento, dispersión, rutas larvarias Environmental variability, growth, dispersion, larval routes CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE PROPAGACIÓN Y ORDENACIÓN PROPAGACIÓN Y ORDENACIÓN