Solución en diferencias finitas de la ecuación de Boussinesq con porosidad drenable variable y condición de radiación fractal en la frontera

Finite difference solution of the Boussinesq equation with variable drainable porosity and fractal radiation boundary condition

CARLOS ALBERTO CHAVEZ GARCIA CARLOS FUENTES RUIZ MANUEL ZAVALA TREJO FELIPE ZATARAIN MENDOZA (2010, [Artículo])

El drenaje subterráneo es utilizado para eliminar excedentes de agua en la zona radical y suelos salinos para lixiviar las sales. La dinámica del agua es estudiada con la ecuación de Boussinesq, sus soluciones analíticas son obtenidas asumiendo que la transmisibilidad del acuífero y la porosidad de drenable son constantes y que la superficie libre se abate de manera instantánea sobre los drenes. La solución en el caso general requiere de soluciones numéricas. Se ha mostrado que la condición de frontera en los drenes es una condición de radiación fractal y la porosidad drenable es variable y relacionada con la curva de retención de humedad, y ha sido resuelta con el método del elemento finito, que en un esquema unidimensional puede hacerse equivalente al método de diferencias finitas. Aquí se propone una solución en diferencias finitas de la ecuación diferencial considerando la porosidad drenable variable y la condición de radiación fractal.

Drenaje agrícola Hidrodinámica Modelos matemáticos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Thermal and ammonia concentration gradients in a rabbit barn with two ventilation system designs

JORGE FLORES VELAZQUEZ FEDERICO VILLARREAL GUERRERO WALDO OJEDA BUSTAMANTE (2017, [Artículo])

Rabbit barns are of economic importance in central Mexico, where rabbit breeders use rustic buildings for production. In such barns, climate conditioning is mostly based on natural ventilation (NV) where the lack of a well-designed NV system may be a limiting factor. In this study, computational fluid dynamics was used to analyse the performance of the NV system in a 24 x 4 x 4.8 m typical Central Mexico rabbit barn with a density of 20 rabbits m-2 of cage. The barn included both side vents at 1.2 m in height from the ground. Results indicated exchange rates of 0.052 and 2.9 x 10-4 m3 m-2 s-1 when the wind direction was simulated as orthogonal and parallel to the side vents, respectively, suggesting the orthogonal direction favoured the exchange rate. However, such conditions produced an accumulation of ammonia underneath the rabbit cages. Thus, a design modification including a lower inlet vent was analyzed. Such modification substantially decreased the concentration gradients of temperature and ammonia.

Conejeras Turbulencia Modelos matemáticos Simulación Ventilación INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Radiación no lineal en la ecuación de Richards bidimensional aplicada al drenaje agrícola subterráneo

MANUEL ZAVALA TREJO CARLOS FUENTES RUIZ Heber Saucedo (2005, [Artículo])

Se presenta una aproximación mecanicista para modelar el funcionamiento hidráulico de un sistema de drenaje agrícola subterráneo, el cual consiste en acoplar numéricamente la ecuación de Richards bidimensional para el flujo de agua en el suelo con la ecuación de continuidad y una ley de resistencia para el flujo de agua en el dren. Este acoplamiento se realiza imponiendo, en el perímetro de los drenes, la condición de radiación no lineal de Zavala et al. (2003). Haciendo uso de evidencia experimental, se evalúa la capacidad de descripción tanto del modelo basado en la condición de radiación no lineal como del modelo clásico reportado en la literatura, que impone en los drenes una condición de superficie de filtración. A partir de la comparación con datos experimentales, se muestra que con la condición de superficie de filtración se sobrestima el gasto de drenaje y el abatimiento de la superficie libre debido a que se considera nula la resistencia en la interfaz suelo saturado-dren. La validación experimental permite mostrar que la descripción de las transferencias de masa y energía, que se desarrollan en un sistema de drenaje agrícola subterráneo durante la recesión del manto freático, debe realizarse imponiendo en los drenes la condición de radiación no lineal.

Drenaje agrícola subterráneo Modelos numéricos CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Hidrología superficial en México: estado del arte y necesidades de investigación

JAIME COLLADO MOCTEZUMA (1990, [Artículo])

Tabla de contenido: Introducción – Hidrología y problemas nacionales - Modelos hidrológicos - Limitaciones en el desarrollo de la hidrología - Necesidades de investigación – Conclusiones.

La hidrología en México tiene un nivel satisfactorio para resolver problemas actuales con teorías ya establecidas, pero se vislumbran otros problemas que requieren elaborar nuevas hipótesis hidrológicas, especialmente ligadas a cambios climáticos.

Introducción – Hidrología y problemas nacionales - Modelos hidrológicos - Limitaciones en el desarrollo de la hidrología - Necesidades de investigación – Conclusiones.

Hidrología Modelos hidrológicos Investigación CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Desarrollo de un modelo numérico para evaluar el ambiente de invernaderos dedicados a la producción intensiva de tomate

CRUZ ERNESTO AGUILAR RODRIGUEZ (2020, [Tesis de doctorado])

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias y Tecnología del Agua) -- Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua. Coordinación de Desarrollo Profesional e Institucional. Subcoordinación de Posgrado.

La evaluación del impacto de las variables climáticas en un invernadero ayuda a determinar ciclos de cultivos y también al uso estratégico de insumos. Técnicas experimentales, numéricas y analíticas se han desarrollado para el estudio del ambiente en un invernadero con el propósito de predecir calidad y cantidad de producción agrícola. Este trabajo de investigación analiza y aporta información sobre la función que tiene el clima diurno y nocturno, en conjunto con un análisis espacial en un invernadero. En particular, la temperatura como variable prioritaria del clima es utilizada para definir gradientes térmicos del invernadero, y a partir de allí estimar la duración del ciclo de producción de tomate en función de grados días calor. También, esta investigación evaluó el efecto que tienen los calefactores eléctricos sobre la homogeneización de temperatura en periodos críticos de baja temperatura para producción de tomate. Adicionalmente, se han estudiado las consecuencias de condiciones de operación de un invernadero en la concentración de vapor de agua e intensidad del infrarrojo cercano.

Tomate Invernaderos Modelaciones numéricas Gradientes térmicos CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Clonal diploid and autopolyploid breeding strategies to harness heterosis: insights from stochastic simulation

Marlee Labroo Jeffrey Endelman Dorcus Gemenet Christian Werner Robert Gaynor GIOVANNY COVARRUBIAS-PAZARAN (2023, [Artículo])

Reciprocal Recurrent Selection Clonal Diploids CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DIPLOIDY BREEDING HETEROSIS STOCHASTIC MODELS

Planting rice at monsoon onset could mitigate the impact of temperature stress on rice–wheat systems of Bihar, India

Carlo Montes Anton Urfels Eunjin Han Balwinder-Singh (2023, [Artículo])

Rainy Season TIMESAT APSIM Agricultural Production Systems Simulator Climate Adaptation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RICE WHEAT MONSOONS WET SEASON CROP MODELLING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

Improving hybrid rice breeding programs via stochastic simulations: number of parents, number of hybrids, tester update, and genomic prediction of hybrid performance

Roberto Fritsche-Neto Marlee Labroo (2024, [Artículo])

Genomic Prediction Reciprocal Recurrent Selection Heterotic Pools CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA STOCHASTIC MODELS RICE HYBRIDS GENETIC IMPROVEMENT GENETIC GAIN BREEDING PROGRAMMES

Alternative cropping and feeding options to enhance sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farms in Bangladesh

Timothy Joseph Krupnik Jeroen Groot (2024, [Artículo])

We investigated alternative cropping and feeding options for large (>10 cows), medium (5–10 cows) and small (≤4 cows) mixed crop – livestock farm types, to enhance economic and environmental performance in Jhenaidha and Meherpur districts – locations with increasing dairy production – in south western Bangladesh. Following focus group discussions with farmers on constraints and opportunities, we collected baseline data from one representative farm from each farm size class per district (six in total) to parameterize the whole-farm model FarmDESIGN. The six modelled farms were subjected to Pareto-based multi-objective (differential evolution algorithm) optimization to generate alternative dairy farm and fodder configurations. The objectives were to maximize farm profit, soil organic matter balance, and feed self-reliance, in addition to minimizing feed costs and soil nitrogen losses as indicators of sustainability. The cropped areas of the six baseline farms ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 ha and milk production per cow was between 1,640 and 3,560 kg year−1. Feed self-reliance was low (17%–57%) and soil N losses were high (74–342 kg ha−1 year−1). Subsequent trade-off analysis showed that increasing profit and soil organic matter balance was associated with higher risks of N losses. However, we found opportunities to improve economic and environmental performance simultaneously. Feed self-reliance could be increased by intensifying cropping and substituting fallow periods with appropriate fodder crops. For the farm type with the largest opportunity space and room to manoeuvre, we identified four strategies. Three strategies could be economically and environmentally benign, showing different opportunities for farm development with locally available resources.

Ruminant Feed Pareto-Based Optimization Farm Bioeconomic Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMINANT FEEDING BIOECONOMIC MODELS MIXED CROPPING FARMS LIVESTOCK

Modeling the growth, yield and N dynamics of wheat for decoding the tillage and nitrogen nexus in 8-years long-term conservation agriculture based maize-wheat system

C.M. Parihar Dipaka Ranjan Sena Prakash Chand Ghasal Shankar Lal Jat Yashpal Singh Saharawat Mahesh Gathala Upendra Singh Hari Sankar Nayak (2024, [Artículo])

Context: Agricultural field experiments are costly and time-consuming, and their site-specific nature limits their ability to capture spatial and temporal variability. This hinders the transfer of crop management information across different locations, impeding effective agricultural decision-making. Further, accurate estimates of the benefits and risks of alternative crop and nutrient management options are crucial for effective decision-making in agriculture. Objective: The objective of this study was to utilize the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis CERES-Wheat model to simulate crop growth, yield, and nitrogen dynamics in a long-term conservation agriculture (CA) based wheat system. The study aimed to calibrate the model using data from a field experiment conducted during the 2019-20-2020-21 growing seasons and evaluation it with independent data from the year 2021–22. Method: Crop simulation models, such as the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis CERES-Wheat (DSSAT v 4.8), may provide valuable insights into crop growth and nitrogen dynamics, enabling decision makers to understand and manage production risk more effectively. Therefore, the present study employed the CERES-Wheat (DSSAT v 4.8) model and calibrated it using field data, including plant phenological phases, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and grain yield from the 2019-20-2020-21 growing seasons. An independent dataset from the year 2021–22 was used for model evaluation. The model was used to investigate the relationship between growing degree days (GDD), temperature, nitrate and ammonical concentration in soil, and nitrogen uptake by the crop. Additionally, the study explored the impact of contrasting tillage practices and fertilizer nitrogen management options on wheat yields. The experimental site is situated at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, representing Indian Trans-Gangetic Plains Zone (28o 40’N latitude, 77o 11’E longitude and an altitude of 228 m above sea level). The treatments consist of four nitrogen management options, viz., N0 (zero nitrogen), N150 (150 kg N ha−1 through urea), GS (Green seeker based urea application) and USG (urea super granules @150 kg N ha−1) in two contrasting tillage systems, i.e., CA-based zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT). Result: The outcomes exhibited favorable agreement between the model’s simulations and the observed data for crop phenology (With less than 2 days variation in 50% onset of flowering), grain and biomass yield (Root mean square error; RMSE 336 kg ha−1 and 649 kg ha−1, respectively), and leaf area index (LAI) (RMSE 0.28 & normalized RMSE; nRMSE 6.69%). The model effectively captured the nitrate-N (NO3−-N) dynamics in the soil profile, exhibiting a remarkable concordance with observed data, as evident from its low RMSE = 12.39 kg ha−1 and nRMSE = 13.69%. Moreover, as it successfully simulated the N balance in the production system, the nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization pattern as described by the model are highly useful to understand these critical phenomena under both conventional tillage (CT) and CA-based Zero Tillage (ZT) treatments. Conclusion: The study concludes that the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model has significant potential to assess the impacts of tillage and nitrogen management practices on crop growth, yield, and soil nitrogen dynamics in the western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) region. By providing reliable forecasts within the growing season, this modeling approach can facilitate better planning and more efficient resource management. Future implications: The successful implementation of the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model in this study highlights its applicability in assessing crop performance and soil dynamics. Future research should focus on expanding the model’s capabilities by reducing its sensitivity to initial soil nitrogen levels to refine its predictions further. Moreover, the model’s integration with decision support systems and real-time data can enhance its usefulness in aiding agricultural decision-making and supporting sustainable crop management practices.

Nitrogen Dynamics Mechanistic Crop Growth Models Crop Simulation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA NITROGEN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE WHEAT MAIZE CROP GROWTH RATE SIMULATION MODELS