“Mexico half way of making”: Carlos Chávez and the foundation of the National Institute of Fine Arts (INBA) (1945-1947)

Ana Garduño (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

I am focusing on the interaction between a cultural agent, Carlos Chávez, and the government elite, related to the circumstances of the enunciation of a public and official organism, INBA (The National Institute of Fine Arts), because I assume that political relations are fundamental to understand a process that endorsed the official culture as an appendage of politics. In spite of its relevance, this subject has not been studied. Based on archival documentation (at the National Archive of Mexico and the archive of INBA) I am examining the cultural policies derived from the foundation of INBA. Due to the current pandemic situation, it was not possible to consult other documental sources. I am formulating that the concept of “high culture” was at the core of a wider conflict between governmental interests and those of representative social actors, and I conclude that this obstacle would have conferred a major political and symbolical importance to the Institute, and consequently, would restrict its budget.

Carlos Chávez INBA Agentes culturales Políticas institucionales Centralización artística HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA Foundation of the National Institute of Fine Arts in Mexico (INBA), Cultural agents Institutional policies Artistic centralization

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria associated with roots of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid)

RICARDO VAZQUEZ JUAREZ TANIA ZENTENO SAVIN ENRIQUE MORALES BOJORQUEZ Elvia Pérez Rosales Lilia Alcaráz Meléndez María Esther Puente Eduardo Quiroz Guzmán (2017, [Artículo])

"In this communication, the diversity and beneficial characteristics of endophytic bacteria have been studied in Simmondsia chinensis that has industrial importance because of the quality of its seed oil. Endophytes were isolated (N = 101) from roots of the jojoba plants collected, of which eight were identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. The isolated bacteria were Bacillus sp., Methylobacterium aminovorans, Oceanobacillus kimchi, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans and Streptomyces sp. All isolates had at least one positive feature, characterizing them as potential plant growth promoting bacteria. In this study, R. pyridinivorans and O. kimchi are reported as plant growth promoters."

Endophytic bacteria, plant growth promoters, Simmondsia chinensis, seed oil BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA MICROBIOLOGÍA BACTERIOLOGÍA BACTERIOLOGÍA

Enhancement of antibiotics antimicrobial activity due to the silver nanoparticles impact on the cell membrane

Roberto Vazquez-Munoz (2019, [Artículo])

The ability of microorganisms to generate resistance outcompetes with the generation of new and efficient antibiotics; therefore, it is critical to develop novel antibiotic agents and treatments to control bacterial infections. An alternative to this worldwide problem is the use of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively studied due to their antimicrobial effect in different organisms. In this work, the synergistic antimicrobial effect of AgNPs and conventional antibiotics was assessed in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. AgNPs minimal inhibitory concentration was 10–12 μg mL-1 in all bacterial strains tested, regardless of their different susceptibility against antibiotics. Interestingly, a synergistic antimicrobial effect was observed when combining AgNPs and kanamycin according to the fractional inhibitory concentration index, FICI: <0.5), an additive effect by combining AgNPs and chloramphenicol (FICI: 0.5 to 1), whereas no effect was found with AgNPs and β-lactam antibiotics combinations. Flow cytometry and TEM analysis showed that sublethal concentrations of AgNPs (6–7 μg mL-1) altered the bacterial membrane potential and caused ultrastructural damage, increasing the cell membrane permeability. No chemical interactions between AgNPs and antibiotics were detected. We propose an experimental supported mechanism of action by which combinatorial effect of antimicrobials drives synergy depending on their specific target, facilitated by membrane alterations generated by AgNPs. Our results provide a deeper understanding about the synergistic mechanism of AgNPs and antibiotics, aiming to combat antimicrobial infections efficiently, especially those by multi-drug resistant microorganisms, in order to mitigate the current crisis due to antibiotic resistance. © 2019 Vazquez-Muñoz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

ampicillin, antibiotic agent, aztreonam, beta lactam antibiotic, biapenem, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, silver nanoparticle, silver nitrate, antiinfective agent, metal nanoparticle, silver, antibiotic sensitivity, antimicrobial activity, Article, bact BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOFÍSICA BIOFÍSICA

Growth Promoting Activity of Annona muricata L. Leaf Extracts on Lactobacillus casei

NIMCY NOEMI MEZA GUTIERREZ Paola Magallón Servín ROSENDO BALOIS MORALES IZA FERNANDA PEREZ RAMIREZ GRACIELA GUADALUPE LOPEZ GUZMAN GUILLERMO BERUMEN VARELA Pedro Ulises Bautista Rosales (2022, [Artículo])

"Soursop leaves are a source of phytochemical compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, and acetogenins. These compounds can have several types of biological activities. Lactic acid bacteria can uptake phenolic compounds present in plants or fruits. The aim of the present work was to investigate the in vitro effect of hexane, acetone, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) on the growth, motility, and biofilm formation of Lactobacillus casei, and to determine compounds related to growth. The minimum concentration promoting growth, motility (swimming, swarming, and twitching), and biofilm-forming capacity (crystal violet) were evaluated. The results showed the growth-promoting capacity of acetone and aqueous extracts at low doses 25–50 mg/L, and an inhibition in the four extracts at higher doses of 100 mg/L. The L. casei growth is related to ellagic acid, quercetin rhamnoside, kaempferol dihexoside, quercetin hexoside, secoisolariciresinol, and kaempferol hexoside-rhamnoside. Hexane extract increased the three types of motility, while aqueous maintained swimming and twitching motility similar to control. The four extracts inhibited the biofilm formation capacity."

prebiotic, Lactobacillus, polyphenol, probiotic, growth promoters, soursop leaves CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS AGROQUÍMICA REGULADORES DEL CRECIMIENTO DE LAS PLANTAS REGULADORES DEL CRECIMIENTO DE LAS PLANTAS

Análisis de la dinámica del monzón de Norteamérica usando modelos globales y regionales

SALVADOR CASTILLO LIÑAN (2021, [Tesis de maestría])

Maestro en Ciencias y Tecnología del Agua - Hidrometeorología) -- Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua. Coordinación de Desarrollo Profesional e Institucional. Subcoordinación de Posgrado.

El Monzón de Norteamérica (NAM) es un sistema atmosférico intraestacional causante de aproximadamente el 70% de las precipitaciones anuales en el noroeste de México y suroeste de Estados Unidos. Su estudio utilizando modelos numéricos es un reto debido a la compleja dinámica asociada a la abrupta orografía y al contraste térmico océano-continente que contribuyen a su desarrollo durante el verano. A pesar de que la gran mayoría de los modelos globales del experimento CMIP5 (Proyecto de Intercomparación de Modelos Acoplados), logran describir el periodo intraestacional de precipitaciones máximas sobre el dominio del NAM y reproducir su variabilidad espacial y temporal, se han identificado sesgos en las simulaciones con respecto a las observaciones y los datos de Reanálisis. Con el propósito de abordar estos sesgos, así como identificar y explicar el inicio-final del monzón, en este estudio se analiza el papel de los mecanismos entre la atmósfera, del continente y el océano, utilizando simulaciones numéricas regionales generadas con el modelo sueco RCA4 (Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model 4), el cual fue forzado con 10 modelos globales del CMIP5.

Monzón de Norteamérica Modelación numérica Precipitaciones INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

The water crisis in the south-central region of the Chihuahua State and the 1997 UN Convention

Jorge Arturo Salas Plata Mendoza Thelma J. Garcia (2022, [Artículo, Artículo])

The present writing focuses on the water crisis in the south-central part of Chihuahua State in the year 2020. Recent literature points to the drought, excess demand for the vital liquid and overpopulation of this region, among other issues, as the causes of the emergency. This paper argues that the reasons mentioned above are not causes, but effects of an economic policy of capital valorization and accumulation, which go far beyond the carrying capacity of the ecosystems and their capacity to regulate the polluting processes. The obsolescence of the water treaties between Mexico and the US make it necessary to consider other alternatives such as the 1997 UN Convention on water.

Chihuahua water crisis hydro-agricultural crisis carrying capacity expansive growth 1997 UN Convention Ecological Economics crisis del agua crisis hidroagrícola capacidad de carga crecimiento expansivo Convención de la ONU de 1997 Economía Ecológica CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Modelación numérica de la circulación de la bahía de Todos Santos, B.C., México

Efraín Mateos Farfán Gabriela Colorado Ruiz (2017, [Documento de trabajo])

La modelación numérica fue la principal herramienta empleada en este trabajo. Para conocer la dinámica de la bahía de Todos Santos, se realizaron distintas corridas numéricas tanto del océano como de la atmósfera, con el modelo ROMS y WRF respectivamente. Para el caso de la modelación del océano, se incluyeron experimentos para conocer los efectos de baja frecuencia (viento sinóptico y Sistema de la Corriente de California) y altas frecuencias (mareas). En los experimentos realizados se encontró que las bajas frecuencias pueden generar variabilidad, en los campos de velocidad, de tres a cinco días a través de la propagación de una onda baroclínica que viaja desde la región de Punta Banda hasta la boca noroeste de la bahía. Para las altas frecuencias, se encontraron evidencias que la componente M2 de la marea es dominante en la región sur de la bahía, mientras que la brisa marina es importante en la región costera.

Hidrometeorología Modelación númerica CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

The potential of UAV and very high-resolution satellite imagery for yellow and stem rust detection and phenotyping in Ethiopia

Gerald Blasch David Hodson Francelino Rodrigues (2023, [Artículo])

Very high (spatial and temporal) resolution satellite (VHRS) and high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery provides the opportunity to develop new crop disease detection methods at early growth stages with utility for early warning systems. The capability of multispectral UAV, SkySat and Pleiades imagery as a high throughput phenotyping (HTP) and rapid disease detection tool for wheat rusts is assessed. In a randomized trial with and without fungicide control, six bread wheat varieties with differing rust resistance were monitored using UAV and VHRS. In total, 18 spectral features served as predictors for stem and yellow rust disease progression and associated yield loss. Several spectral features demonstrated strong predictive power for the detection of combined wheat rust diseases and the estimation of varieties’ response to disease stress and grain yield. Visible spectral (VIS) bands (Green, Red) were more useful at booting, shifting to VIS–NIR (near-infrared) vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI, RVI) at heading. The top-performing spectral features for disease progression and grain yield were the Red band and UAV-derived RVI and NDVI. Our findings provide valuable insight into the upscaling capability of multispectral sensors for disease detection, demonstrating the possibility of upscaling disease detection from plot to regional scales at early growth stages.

Very High Resolution Imagery Disease Detection Methods Early Growth Stages CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES STEM RUST PHENOTYPING HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING WHEAT

Modelación hidráulica de un reactor de electrocoagulación tubular de sección anular

JAVIER DE JESUS CANTO RIOS Alejandra Martín-Domínguez Sara Pérez-Castrejón VICTOR HUGO ALCOCER YAMANAKA Velitchko Tzatchkov (2017, [Artículo])

El presente trabajo se enfoca en el estudio de las pérdidas de carga totales en un reactor de electrocoagulación con flujo a presión y sección transversal anular simple y múltiple, donde esta última característica depende del arreglo de los electrodos. Se presenta el análisis de las pérdidas de carga por cortante y accesorios, las cuales se modelaron utilizando diferentes expresiones empíricas y se compararon con las mediciones realizadas a escala semipiloto. Como resultado del análisis se observó que la ecuación de Bahramir, Yovanovich y Culham (2006) asemeja las pérdidas reales en secciones anulares múltiples, mientras que la expresión propuesta por Davis describe mejor la sección anular simple. Estos resultados permitirán tener herramientas para diseñar reactores de electrocoagulación a escala real.

Electrocoagulación Modelación Pérdidas de carga hidráulica Secciones anulares INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Gestión de los monumentos históricos de propiedad pública en el Centro Histórico de Morelia, 1991-2019

Gauri Ivette García Medina (2020, [Tesis de maestría])

Facultad de Arquitectura. Maestría en Arquitectura, Investigación y Restauración de Sitios y Monumentos

The conservation of the architectural heritage that is under the custody of the Mexican government has not been fully observed as a problem for the administration in this country. Apparently, avoiding the physical deterioration of public monuments, located in federal protection zones, has been a successful task. In contrast to this general perception, the way in which changes in government administration generate ruptures and disengagement in planning regarding ways to protect the architectural heritage was observed from the local level. That is why this research carries out a timely review, evidencing the problem that exists around government management to conserve monuments in the Historic Center of Morelia, from its incorporation as a site in the world heritage list in 1991 until the year of 2019 where a turn of national politics manifests. In order to identify, the level of incidence of the government to carry out actions around the protection of publicly owned historical monuments; The changes of political visions in the different administrative procedures are characterized by evaluating the physical state of the buildings and documenting the way in which the local vision has been gradually transformed in favor of its conservation. By contrasting the political will of several administrations with the restorations in the architectural facts, the methodological proposal provides a broadening of the spectrum of analysis. Which has the possibility of being used prior to practical decision making for asset protection. The review of the units of analysis revealed that the lack of continuity in government management around the heritage violates the conservation processes.

La conservación de patrimonio arquitectónico que se encuentra bajo resguardo del gobierno mexicano no ha sido considerada como una circunstancia digna de atención para las entidades encargadas del mismo. En apariencia, consideran que ha sido una tarea exitosa su labor de evitar el deterioro físico de los monumentos públicos ubicados en zonas de protección federal. En contraste a esta percepción generalizada, desde el ámbito local ha podido observarse que los cambios de administración de gobierno sólo han generado rupturas y desvinculaciones en la planeación respecto de las formas de proteger el patrimonio arquitectónico. Por ello, la presente investigación realiza una revisión puntual sobre dicha situación, evidenciando la problemática que existe en torno de la gestión gubernamental para conservar monumentos en el Centro Histórico de Morelia. El trabajo indaga en el periodo que va de 1991, cuando fue incorporado en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, al año de 2019, donde se hizo patente un cambio de dirección en la política nacional. Con el objetivo de identificar el grado de incidencia del gobierno en las acciones relacionadas con la protección de monumentos históricos de propiedad pública, se analizan y definen las visiones políticas de las diferentes gestiones administrativas mediante la evaluación del estado físico de los inmuebles y se documenta la evolución paulatina de la visión local a favor de la conservación de los mismos. La propuesta metodológica del presente trabajo busca contrastar la voluntad política de varias administraciones con las restauraciones llevadas a cabo sobre los hechos arquitectónicos, logrando aportar un espectro de análisis más amplio. Así, se tiene posibilidad de utilizarla como base para tomar decisiones prácticas para la protección patrimonial. La revisión de las unidades de análisis reveló que la falta de continuidad en la gestión gubernamental en torno al patrimonio vulnera los procesos de conservación.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA FA-M-2020-0241 Conservación arquitectónica Monumento público Visión política Agentes de decisión