Repositorio Nacional

Tabla de contenido: Introducción -- Antecedentes: definición de control biológico; Control biológico de lirio acuático; Ciclo biológico y características del género Neochetina; Especificidad del género Neochetina; Principales patógenos del género Neochetina; Cuarentena de insectos para el control biológico de malezas acuáticas; Cría masiva de insectos -- Metodología: cría masina de Neochetina; Liberación de Neochetina; Monitoreo -- Literatura citada -- Anexo fotográfico.

Se describen las bases para el control biológico del lirio acuático, así como una metodología para la cría masiva de dos especies de gorgojos: Neochetina eichhorniae y Neochetina bruchi, utilizados en el control biológico de esta maleza.

Introducción -- Antecedentes: definición de control biológico; Control biológico de lirio acuático; Ciclo biológico y características del género Neochetina; Especificidad del género Neochetina; Principales patógenos del género Neochetina; Cuarentena de insectos para el control biológico de malezas acuáticas; Cría masiva de insectos -- Metodología: cría masina de Neochetina; Liberación de Neochetina; Monitoreo -- Literatura citada -- Anexo fotográfico.

Malezas acuáticas Control biológico BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

The input reduction principle of agroecology is wrong when it comes to mineral fertilizer use in sub-Saharan Africa

Gatien Falconnier Marc Corbeels Frédéric Baudron Antoine Couëdel leonard rusinamhodzi bernard vanlauwe Ken Giller (2023, [Artículo])

Can farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) boost crop yields and improve food availability without using more mineral fertilizer? This question has been at the center of lively debates among the civil society, policy-makers, and in academic editorials. Proponents of the “yes” answer have put forward the “input reduction” principle of agroecology, i.e. by relying on agrobiodiversity, recycling and better efficiency, agroecological practices such as the use of legumes and manure can increase crop productivity without the need for more mineral fertilizer. We reviewed decades of scientific literature on nutrient balances in SSA, biological nitrogen fixation of tropical legumes, manure production and use in smallholder farming systems, and the environmental impact of mineral fertilizer. Our analyses show that more mineral fertilizer is needed in SSA for five reasons: (i) the starting point in SSA is that agricultural production is “agroecological” by default, that is, very low mineral fertilizer use, widespread mixed crop-livestock systems and large crop diversity including legumes, but leading to poor soil fertility as a result of widespread soil nutrient mining, (ii) the nitrogen needs of crops cannot be adequately met solely through biological nitrogen fixation by legumes and recycling of animal manure, (iii) other nutrients like phosphorus and potassium need to be replaced continuously, (iv) mineral fertilizers, if used appropriately, cause little harm to the environment, and (v) reducing the use of mineral fertilizers would hamper productivity gains and contribute indirectly to agricultural expansion and to deforestation. Yet, the agroecological principles directly related to soil fertility—recycling, efficiency, diversity—remain key in improving soil health and nutrient-use efficiency, and are critical to sustaining crop productivity in the long run. We argue for a nuanced position that acknowledges the critical need for more mineral fertilizers in SSA, in combination with the use of agroecological practices and adequate policy support.

Manure Crop Yields Smallholder Farming Systems Environmental Hazards CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION LEGUMES NUTRIENT BALANCE SOIL FERTILITY AGROECOLOGY YIELD INCREASES LITERATURE REVIEWS

Propaganda against Mexican women married to Chinese immigrants in Chihuahua 1920-1940

Vladimir Alejandro Armendáriz Romero Jesús Adolfo Trujillo Holguín (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

At the turn of the 20th century and at the beginning of the new revolutionary government stage in Mexico, the press was an effective way to disseminate propaganda for the nationalist ideology of the State. An important part of this diffusion covered the question of the racial constitution of the mexicans, which led to the need to convince the public that it was important to determine controls over women and with whom they married since they were responsible for the reproduction of the Mexican race. Therefore, a mixture of races considered undesirable, such as the Chinese, was detestable. This propaganda occurred in the context of national anti-Chinese and anti-Jewish campaigns in which they wanted to expel these foreigners on the pretext that their presence and mixing with them would result in degeneration. In Chihuahua there are indications of this propaganda, but also that women married to Chinese resisted this campaign against their families.

Racism gender social control mestizophobia propaganda Racismo género control social mestizofobia HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA